White Collar Crime

Serbia: White-Collar Crime

White-collar crime is a term first coined by sociologist Edwin Sutherland in 1949 who defined it as “a crime committed by a respectable and high-social-status person during the profession.” Prior to Sutherland’s introduction of the concept of white-collar crime, the upper classes of society were thought to be incapable of engaging in criminal activity.

North Macedonia: An Overview of Companies’ and Authorized Persons’ Main Criminal Responsibilities

White-collar crime has mainly been regulated by the Macedonian Criminal Code (“Code”) from 2004. Certain areas of responsibility that may render authorized persons criminally liable are also stipulated by other laws. We will focus on the main rules on white-collar crime provided by the Code, and certain liabilities provided by the Company Law that may trigger criminal responsibility for shareholders.

Romania: Better Safe Than Sorry – Precautionary Measures in Criminal Proceedings

Serious crimes, such as tax evasion, corruption offenses, or money laundering provoke serious responses from law enforcement authorities. When such offenses are committed, the law provides for compulsory precautionary measures to be taken against the assets of the offenders, at any stage of the criminal proceedings.

Poland: The Why, the Who, and the What of White-Collar Crime

Poland is on the verge of implementing the long-awaited new rules on corporate liability for white-collar crimes. This is the second such attempt after an initial legislative proposal was flushed down the drain, only two years ago, amid vehemently critical reviews from entrepreneurs and business associations right across the country.

Slovenia: The Abuse of Position or Trust in the Business Activity of a Single-Member LLC

This article provides a brief review of the case law regarding the abuse of a position or trust in the business activity of a single-member limited liability company (LLC) in Slovenia, which is incriminated under Article 240 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Slovenia (CC).

Latvia: The Problem with the Current Application of Sanctions

Sanctions are currently relevant as a foreign policy tool and as an institution of law. For Latvia, as a border state with Russia and Belarus, the monitoring and enforcement of restrictions imposed by the sanctions are particularly relevant.

Lithuania: The Law on Protection of Whistleblowers

The development of the regulation on whistleblower protection in Lithuania started prior to the Directive (EU) 2019/1937 (Directive) coming into force. The first edition of the Law on Protection of Whistleblowers of the Republic of Lithuania (the Law) was passed by the parliament on November 28, 2017, set to enter into force on January 1, 2019. This took place mainly because of OECD insistence on the adoption of the Law prior to Lithuania’s accession to the OECD.